【during的用法和搭配技巧】在英语学习中,“during”是一个非常常见且重要的介词,用来表示“在……期间”或“在……过程中”。虽然它的基本含义相对简单,但在实际使用中,它有很多需要注意的地方,包括搭配习惯、时态配合以及与其他介词的区别等。掌握“during”的正确用法,不仅有助于提高语言表达的准确性,还能让写作和口语更加地道。
一、“During”的基本含义与用法
“During”主要表示某事发生在某一时间段内,通常用于描述事件、动作或状态在某个特定时期内发生的情况。例如:
- During the meeting, I made several important notes.
在会议期间,我做了几个重要的笔记。
- She was very tired during the journey.
她在旅途中感到非常疲惫。
这类句子中,“during”后面接的是一个具体的时间段,如“the meeting”、“the journey”等。
二、“During”的常见搭配
1. During + 名词短语(时间)
这是最常见的搭配方式,用于指出某一事件发生的背景时间。
- During the night / During the day / During the week / During the summer
- During the war / During the pandemic
2. During + 动名词结构(动作过程)
表示在某个动作进行的过程中发生了另一件事。
- I fell asleep during watching TV.
- He got injured during playing football.
3. During + 时间状语从句
有时“during”也可以引导一个时间状语从句,但这种情况较少见。
- During the time that he was studying, he didn’t eat much.
(这种结构更常被“while”替代)
三、“During”与“in”、“at”、“on”的区别
在英语中,介词的选择往往取决于时间的具体性:
- During:用于较长的、不具体的时间段,如年份、月份、季节、假期等。
- During 2023 / During winter / During the holiday
- In:用于较长时间的范围,如年、月、季节、世纪等,也可指“在……之中”,但更偏向于抽象概念。
- In 2023 / In January / In the morning
- At:用于具体的时刻或短暂的时间点。
- At 8 o'clock / At noon / At the moment
- On:用于具体的日期或某一天。
- On Monday / On July 4th / On Christmas Day
因此,当我们说“during the weekend”时,是指整个周末期间;而“on Sunday”则指的是周日这一天。
四、常见错误与注意事项
1. 不要将“during”与“for”混淆
“For”表示持续时间,而“during”表示在某段时间内发生的事。
- 错误:I stayed there during two weeks.
- 正确:I stayed there for two weeks.
- 正确:I had a meeting during the two weeks.
2. 避免在固定搭配中使用“during”
某些固定表达中不能使用“during”,例如:
- “during the day”是正确的,但“during the morning”不如“in the morning”自然。
3. 注意主谓一致和时态搭配
当“during”引导的时间状语出现在句子中时,要注意主句的时态是否合理。
- She studied hard during the exam period.(过去时)
- He is working hard during the project.(现在进行时)
五、实用例句与练习
例句:
- The storm happened during the night.
- I met my friend during a trip to Paris.
- During the meeting, we discussed new strategies.
- She was absent from school during the flu outbreak.
练习题:
1. We had a great time ______ the party.
A. in
B. on
C. during
D. at
2. He was sleeping ______ the movie started.
A. when
B. while
C. during
D. after
3. The company closed down ______ the economic crisis.
A. in
B. during
C. at
D. on
六、总结
“During”作为表示时间的介词,在日常英语中使用频率很高。通过掌握其基本用法、常见搭配以及与其他介词的区别,可以更准确地表达时间关系,提升语言表达的自然度和专业性。同时,避免常见的搭配错误和时态问题,也是提高英语水平的关键所在。希望本文能帮助你在学习和使用“during”时更加得心应手。


