【高中英语-思维导图-非谓语动词-动词不定式】在高中英语的学习中,非谓语动词是一个非常重要的语法知识点,尤其是动词不定式。它是英语中一种常见的动词形式,具有名词、形容词或副词的功能,常用于句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。为了更好地理解和掌握这一语法点,制作一份清晰的思维导图是非常有帮助的。
一、动词不定式的定义
动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的形式,例如:to go, to eat, to study 等。它不随主语的人称和数发生变化,因此被称为“非谓语动词”。
二、动词不定式的常见用法
1. 作主语
- To learn English is important.
- To see is to believe.
2. 作宾语
- I want to go home.
- She decided to take the job.
3. 作定语
- Do you have anything to say?
- The book to read is on the table.
4. 作状语
- He came here to study.
- She ran quickly to catch the bus.
5. 作宾语补足语
- I saw him leave.
- They asked me to help them.
6. 作表语
- My wish is to become a doctor.
- Her dream is to travel around the world.
三、动词不定式的时态与语态
1. 一般式(to do)
- I hope to meet you soon.
2. 进行式(to be doing)
- I’m glad to be meeting you.
3. 完成式(to have done)
- I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
4. 被动式(to be done)
- The work is to be finished by tomorrow.
5. 完成被动式(to have been done)
- The letter is to have been sent yesterday.
四、动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式是在“to”前加“not”,如:
- He told me not to go.
- I forgot to bring my homework.
五、动词不定式的特殊结构
1. 疑问词 + 不定式
- I don’t know how to solve this problem.
- She asked where to go.
2. It is + 形容词 + to do sth.
- It is important to study hard.
- It is easy to understand.
3. too...to... 结构
- He is too tired to go on.
- She was too young to know better.
4. only to do sth.
- He arrived late only to find the meeting over.
六、常见易错点
1. 省略 to 的情况
- 在某些动词后,如:help, make, let 等后面,不定式不带 to。
- I helped her (to) clean the room.
- Let me go.
2. 固定搭配中的不定式
- 常见的固定短语如:be ready to, decide to, agree to 等。
3. 与动名词的区别
- 不定式多表示具体动作或将来行为,而动名词多表示抽象概念或习惯性动作。
- I like to swim.(我喜欢去游泳)
- I like swimming.(我喜欢游泳这项活动)
七、思维导图建议结构
1. 中心主题:动词不定式
2. 分支一:定义与结构
3. 分支二:基本用法
4. 分支三:时态与语态
5. 分支四:否定形式
6. 分支五:特殊结构
7. 分支六:常见错误与注意事项
通过整理这份思维导图,可以帮助学生系统地掌握动词不定式的相关知识,提高在阅读和写作中的语言运用能力。同时,也可以作为复习资料,帮助学生在考试中灵活运用这一语法点。